Thank you so much to everyone who helped me through this upgrade; especially @Phaedrux who spent a disproportionate amount of time on my problems. You guys are awesome!
I've learned a lot going through this process and have lost a lot of the trepidation I felt when I used to think of making changes to the firmware. Now I have an up-to-date firmware and future upgrades should be easy.
I PID tuned the bed and hotend heaters (that was so easy and the Duet calibration guide is clear and very well done), adjusted the homez.g and homeall.g files a bit to make Z drop a bit after hitting the endstop (I home to the top), and I am making a few tweaks to the fans. There might be more but I did make a nice short print already.
Tomorrow I'll try adjusting pressure advance again and start tweaking other settings. And I'll make backups.
Thank you all again! I'm so happy to be back printing.