The usual causes of failing to connect are:
Faulty cable (most common) Mismatched baud rates. The Duet defaults to 57600 baud unless you have a M575 command in config.g to change it. So check that there is no M575 command in configt.g, and set the PanelDue to 57600. Ribbon cable plugged into the wrong socket on the Duet. It should be plugged into CONN_SD.Less likely but possible are a fault on either the Duet or the PanelDue.
HTH David