@JamesM I did calibrate the E-Steps quite a while ago and found no deviation from Bindtech's recommended 420 steps/mm. The problem I see there is the tension of the drive gears and the hardness of the filament since there's no way of adjusting it repeatably. More tension means more bite into the filament which reduces the effective diameter. As I print mostly PLA (which has a comparably high hardness), this isn't of much concern I think.
Also the flow rate was calibrated so that the printer produces accurate line thicknesses and overall dimensions so I am very confused how that could result in those artifacts I mentioned...
@EasyTarget Thank you for your detailed answer! ๐
I also think that those artifacts are in some way related to a bigger nozzle (I changed from 0.4 to 0.6 mm quite a while ago). Since I never cared really much about aesthetics so I considered the faster print time was worth more than the drop in optical quality. But now that my printer is getting better and better I start to dislike the uneven walls (which btw show up way more with 0.2 mm layer height than with 0.3 mm).
For slicing I use the Prusa Slicer. I don't have a 'vanilla' profile for my printer since it's completely designed by myself ๐
The filament I use most is PLA NX2 from extrudr which I print at 215/60ยฐC. I measured the diameter at several points and it is quite consistent (1.75 +-0.01 mm).
I also checked all the set screws on the pulleys and the belt tension, no problems there.
My print bed does indeed move in Z (intentionally of course :P) but it also does wobble the slightest bit at certain print speeds. There might be some hysteresis in the wobbling so that could cause those artifacts on the walls which get amplified by lower layer heights (and presumably the flow rate). This might be the most likely cause but I don't know how to get rid of it since I already beefed up my Z-axis quite a bit (if you're interested check this thread.
Could the problem be a result of interpolation or microsteps on the Z-axis? I'm thinking that the Z-axis might 'fall' to the next full step when commanded somewhere in between. Maybe even a similar effect on the other axes which could lead to lines being printed not exactly on top of each other?