@alankilian I might have found the problem.
I checked the resistances of the 5V signal wires
from the breakout board to the stepper drivers again and I found one cable that has infinite resistance.
It seems like it is one of the dir+- cables. So that would explain why the motor is running but cannot change its director.
At first I was expecting it to be the crimps or the connectors, but it appears that even with new crimps the cable is corrupted.
I'm checking in again in the evening and take a new cable, measure the resistances and hope that this solves to problem.