Thank you for the quick reply guys!
After sending the M280 and switching pins, which both didn't work checking the signal wires did the trick! Turns out, that you were totaly right and one wire, due to my bad clamping and the long hours of printing, broke.
Sadly still none of the probe related commands, like M280, do work. I have to admit that they never did work in the first place and everytime I had a problem with the probe I just restarted the machine, but today I realized that for situations like this they could actualy be of good use! So maybe you could help me with that as well.
The probe is connected to the H7 pin on the Duet but in the config.g under z-probe it says H5. I found different info online on witch pin to use. I'm using a Duet wifi, not the last generation, with no additional board, no Z-endstop, just the probe. Which pin/pins do you guys use? And does the pin (H1...7) coincide with the H... in config.g under z-ptobe?