@Ret as already said. You should change your micro stepping to 1/32 at the max. No FFF printer will have any better results going higher. Also, change your steps/mm. If you are using pressure advance turn it off. You really need a good tune on your extruder before you ever mess with pressure advance.

Your accelerations for movement on axis is high but very low for your extruder. I have a different printer but you might want to try my settings.

M566 X750 Y750 Z90 E1200 ; Set maximum instantaneous speed changes (mm/min)
M203 X18000 Y18000 Z6000 E9000 ; Set maximum speeds (mm/min)
M201 X1800 Y1800 Z250 E10000 ; Set accelerations (mm/s^2)

With a "Jerk" of 1mm/s on your extruder, you are going to have crazy strange stuff happening especially if you are using pressure advance. I would expect massive pauses on small circle/arcs. I actually complained about PA a while back but it was all in my tuning. I was having what you are but not to your extent.

You might not want to use my Z settings as I know for a fact you have a completely different setup for your z than I do. You might not try this but honestly, it's probably the few things jamming you up.

Also, I used to use S3D exclusively. Now I only use Cura 3.2.1+. But that requires a lot more tuning and tweaking of settings. S3D makes a lot of garbage code but it's easy to use and gives very good top layers. Make these changes and if your problems go away then you can start doing more tuning. Maybe give Cura a try. It's given me much better control over my prints and produced astonishing print quality. Best of luck.

Just throwing in my 2 cents here. Showing speed of current segment would be dumb and require a lot of processing power as it would be changing every .2-.3 seconds and I'm sure I'm giving these moves way to much time. how about average speed over a definable amount of gcode lines that are coming up in the planner? So like we could input say 100 lines and get an averaged read out in mm/s for x/y/z that are separated. then have a bar graph in the same column to display a graphical representation as well.

This would allow the user to decide how much processor power they want to devote to this useless metric. Would I like to know what my actual speed is? Yes. Will it change anything for me? No, as I've already tuned X/Y/Z accelerations and instant accelerations.

This is why I brought this up. I use S3D and just started using pressure advance with my Duet. I've been using Linear Advance with Marlin for some time now and it really does a great job of being able to reduce retracts and still have very good prints. With so many people with Duet's not using it due to small circles just being able to basically ignore very small movements ie. below .1-.2mm would do wonders I believe. It might not be as easy to implement as I think but I don't know.

Edit: Also, I'll make a test tube to see if increasing the number of segments helps but I would think it would make the problem worse… I use F360 and always just use the high detail setting for making STL's which also makes very small segments for circles.

I know people are seeing this behavior when printing the 3DBenchy's stack and where I was able to watch the phenomenon...

So first post… I've seen great things with pressure advance but many turn it off because of the strangeness with small circles. Well since they get turned into a ton of small lines can we look into putting another parameter to M572 that ignores extrusion moves below a value in mm? I think that will take care of the issues with arcs. Just thinking out loud here. Love the Duet and can't wait to see what's in the future.