@bast Looking at the external driver datasheet https://www.omc-stepperonline.com/download/CL57T_V4.0.pdf, your M569 timings for the external drivers seem okay. Do you have the enable wires connected? It says it has a 300 millisecond enable time. It could be, if you have the enable connected, that the drives are not having long enough to enable before the steps are sent. The datasheet says:
ENA must be ahead of DIR by at least 200ms [says 300ms on diagram]. Usually, ENA+ and ENA- are NC (not connected).
With ENA+ and ENA- not connected, the drives are enabled all the time, as soon as they have power.
Instantaneous speed (M566 Z30), max speed (M203 Z300), acceleration (M201) seem reasonable for the steps per mm (M92 Z320). What are the motors driving, belts or ballscrews? Is the bed particularly heavy? Are you using a motor brake (I can't see it configured in the config.g)? If it is linked to the enable signal on the external driver, perhaps it is not releasing quickly enough.
Ian